Hodge, Frederick Webb, 1907, editor, Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico, Bulletin, Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, no. 30, 2 Vols., G.P.O., Washington.

Shawnee (from shawun [u = short u], 'south'; shawunogi [u = short u], 'southerners.'

Historical references to the names of the Shawnee Indians. First occurrence appears to be Chaoianon in 1670.

Ani/-Sawanu/gi [a = short a, i = short i]. -- Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 509, 1900 (Cherokee name).

Cacahouanous. -- Joutel (1687) in Freneh, Hist. Coll. La., I, 185, 1846 (identical?).

Cawála [a=short a]. -- Dorsey, inf'n, 1886 (Sioux name for the Shawnee; applied also to a Teton division descended from an adopted Shawnee chief; c=sh).

Cawana. -- Dorsey, Dhegiha MS. dict., 1878; Osage MS. vocab., 1883, B. A. E. (Omaha, Ponca, and Osage name; c=sh).

Chaganons. -- Tonti (ca. 1680) in French, Hist. Coll. La., I, 69, 1846 (misprint).

Chaguanos. -- Alegre, Hist. Comp. Jesus, I, 336, 1841 (Spanish form).

Chanousanons. -- Letter of 1756 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., x, 469, 1858 (misprint).

Chaonanons. -- Domenech, Deserts, I, 440, 1860 (misprint).

Chaoni. -- Vater, Mith., pt. 3, sec. 3, 351, 1816.

Chaouannons.-- Montreal Conf. (1756) in N.Y. Doc. Col. Hist., x, 506, 1858.

Chaoianon. -- Gravier (1670) in Jes. Rel., III, 91, 1858.

Chaoüanong. -- Jes. Rel. 1672, 25, 1858.

Chaouanonronon. -- Charlevoix, Hist. Nouv. France, Shea trans., III, 175, note, 1868.

Cha8anons. -- Denonville (1688) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., IX, 383,1855.

Chaouanos. -- La Tour map, 1782.

Chaoüanüa. – Gravier (1700) quoted by Shea, Early Voy., 120, 1861.

Chaouans. -- Hind, Lab. Penin., I, 5, 1863 (identical?).

Chaouennons. -- Lamberville (1684) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., IX, 226, 1855.

Chaouenon. -- Hennepin, Cont. of New Discov., 34, 1698.

Chaouens. -- Ibid., 17.

Chaounons. -- Montcalm (1757) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., x, 554,1858.

Chaouoinons. -- Vaudreuil (1760), ibid., x, 1094, 1858.

Chaovanons. -- Crepy, map, ca. 1755. Chaovenon. -- Hennepin, Cont. of New Discov., 48a, 1698.

Chaowanons. -- d'Abbadie (1765) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., x, 1160, 1858.

Charanons. -- Shea, Rel. M. Miss., 28,1861 (misprint).

Chasunous. -- McIntosh, Origin N. Am. Inds., 201, 1853 (misprint).

Chauanons. -- Doc. of 1668 quoted by French, Hist. Coll. La., II, 137, 1875.

Chauenese. -- Colden (1764) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., VII, 624, 1856.

Chauenous. -- Chauvignerie (1736) quoted by Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, III, 555,1853.

Chaunis. -- Vater, Mith., pt. 3, sec.3, 351, 1816.

Chaunys. -- Ann. de la Prop. de la Foi, II, 380, 1841.

Chavanons. -- Alcedo, Dic. Geog., II, 630,1787.

Chavouanons. -- Sheldon, Early Hist. Mich., 228, 1856.

Chawanoes. -- Coxe, Carolana, 12, 1741.

Chawanons. -- Doc. of 1759 in N.Y. Doc. Col. Hist., x, 974, 1858.

Chawenons. -- Vaudreuil (1758, incorrectly 1759), ibid., 925.

Cherermons. -- Lamberville (1686), trans., ibid., III, 488, 1853 (probably a misreading by the translator).

Chiouanons. -- Gallinée (1669) in Margry, Déc., I, 116, 1875.

Chonanons. -- Cé1oron (1749) in Rupp, West. Pa., 36, 1846 (misprint).

Chouanongs. -- Boudinot, Star in the West, 126, 1816.

Chouanons. -- Iberville (1702) in Margry, Déc., IV, 519, 1880.

Chouanous. -- Vaugondy map, 1778.

Chouenons. -- Memoir of 1706 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., IX, 799, 1855.

Chouesnons. -- La Salle (1681) in Margry, Déc., II, 159,1877.

Chuanoes. -- Albany Conf. (1722) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., v, 675,1855.

Chuoanous. -- Marquette (ca. 1673), Discov., 341, 1698.

Ontwaganha. -- For forms of this name, applied to the Shawnee, see Ontwaganha.

Oshawanoag. -- Tanner, Narr., 315, 1830 (Ottawa name).

Ouchaouanag. -- Jes. Rel. 1648, XXXIII, 151, 1898 (possibly identical).

Ouchawanag. -- Smith in Hist. Mag., 1st s., x, 1, 1866.

Sabanoes. -- MS. Doc. of 1835 in Texas State archives.

Saguanós. -- MS. Doc. of 1832 in Texas State archives (Spanish form).

Sah-wau-noo. -- Macauley, N. Y., II, 166, 1829.

Santanas. -- Drake, Tecumseh, 9-11, 1852 (misprint for Satanas).

Sarannahs. -- Archdale (1707) quoted by Carroll, Hist. Coll. S. C., II, 89, 1836 (misprint for Savannahs).

Sarannas. -- Archdale misquoted by Oldmixon (1708) in Carroll, ibid., 458.

Satanas. -- Colden (1727), Five Nations, 23, 1747 (perhaps a misprint for Sabanas).

Satans. -- Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 181,1872.

Sauouans. -- Macauley, N. Y., II, 18O, 1829.

Sauounons. -- Ibid., 114.

Sau-va-no-gee. -- Hawkins (1799), Sketch, 25. 1848.

Sauwanew. -- Map of 1614 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., I, 1856 (here used as a collective term for the tribes on the Delaware s. of Manhattan id.).

Sauwanous. -- Alcedo, Dic. Geog., IV, 525, 1788 (the Shawnee town with the Creeks).

Sau-wa-no-gee. -- Hawkins (1799), Sketch, 34, 1848 (applied more particularly to the Shawnee town incorporated with the Creeks).

Savanahs. -- Homann Heirs map, ca. 1730 (in Carolina).

Savanaus. -- Johnson (1708) in Rivers, S.C., 236, 1856.

Savannas. -- Lawson (1709), Hist. Car., 75, 1860 (applied also to the Maskegon; on Lattré's U.S. map of 1784 applied to the Shawnee among the Creeks).

Savannechers. -- Haywood, Tenn., 222, 1823.

Savannerhers. -- Ibid., 223.

Savannuca(s). -- Bartram, Trav., 461-464, 1792 (the Shawnee band and town incorporated with the Creeks).

Savanoes. -- Drake, Tecumseh, 11-12, 1852.

Savanore. -- Randolph (1689) in Rivers, S.C., 448, 1856 ("the Savanore Town" on Savannah r.).

Savanos. -- Early Dutch writers cited by Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 333, 187s (here used as a collective term for the tribes s. of Manhattan id. On page 51 Ruttenber quotes the form as Savanoos. The same form is used for the Shawnee on Savannah r. in 1715 by Barnwell (1715) in Rivers, Early His S.C., 94, 1874). Sawála. -- Riggs-Dorsey, Dakota-Eng.. Dict., 441, 1890 (Sioux, i. e. Teton Sioux name).

Sawana. -- Lattré map, 1784 (old Shawnee village on upper Potomac).

Sawanee. -- Drake, Bk. Inds., bk. 5, 68, 1848.

Sawanees. -- Putnam, Mid. Tenn., 365,1859.

Sáwano. -- Gatschet, Shawnee and Tonkawa MSS., B. A. E., 1884 (correct Shawnee form; plural, Sawanógi. The Tonkawa use the same name for the tribe, and also for the Delawares, because the two tribes live together).

Sawanógi. -- Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., I, 143,1884 (Creek form, applied more particularly to the Shawnee town incorporated with. the Creeks).

Sa-wá-no/-o-no. -- Morgan, League Iroq., 268, 1851 (Seneca name).

Sawanoos. -- De Laet (1633) in Brinton, Lenape Leg., 31, 1885 (used not as a tribal, but as a collective term for the Indians living then on Delaware r. southward from Manhattan id.).

Sawanos. -- Barton, New Views, XXXII, 1798.

Sawa/nu-háka. -- Gatschet, Tuscarora MS., 1885 (Tuscarora name).

Sa-wa-nu/-ka. -- ten Kate, Synonymie, 11, 1884 (Cherokee name).

Sa-wan-wa. -- Smith, Memoir of Fontaneda, 33, 47, 1854 (given as their own name; pl. Sa-wan-wa ki).

Sä-wan-wä-kee. -- Morgan, Consang. and Affin., 288,1871.

Sawonocas. -- Creek talk (1793) in Am. St. Papers, Ind. Aff., I, 383, 1832.

Sa-wû-no-ki [i = short i]. -- Grayson, Creek MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1885 (Creek name).

Sawwanew. -- Map of 1614 cited by Brinton, Lenape Leg., 30, 1885 (used locally to designate the Indians on Delaware r., southward from Manhattan id.).

Sawwannoo. -- Barton, New Views, XXXII, 1798. Sawwanoo. -- Vater, Mith., pt. 3, sec. 3, 349, 1816.

Schaouanos. -- Duflot de Mofras, Oregon, I, 379,1844.

Schavanna. -- Albany Conf. (1737) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., VI, 103, 1855.

Schaveno. -- Ibid., 99.

Schawanese. -- Güssefeld, map, 1784.

Schawanno. -- Heckewelder (1798) in Barton, New Views, app., 3, 1798.

Scha,wan,ooes. -- Clinton (1750) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., VI, 548, 1855. Schawenoes. -- Albany Conf. (1737), ibid., 105.

Schawenons. -- Ann. de la Prop. de la Foi, III, 569, 1828. Schawnoah. -- La Tour map, 1779.

Serannas. -- Hewatt quoted by Gallatin in Trans. Am. Antiq. Soc., II, 66, 1836 (misprint for Savannas).

Sewanne. -- Putnam, Mid.Tenn., 365, 1859.

Shamanese. -- La Tour map, 1782 (misprint: "Old Shamanese Town," about opposite Wyoming, Pa.).

Shanaws. -- Homann Heirsmap, 1756.

Shannoahs. -- Washington (1753), Jour., 21, 1865.

Shanoas. -- Ibid.

Shañwans, -- Schuyler (1694) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., IV, 98, 1854.

Shaonois. -- Evans (1707) in Day, Penn., 391, 1843.

Shaononons. -- Boudinot, Star in the West, 100, 1816.

Shauanos. -- Smith in Beach, Ind. Miscel., 120, 1877.

Shaunas. -- Croghan (1760) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th s., IX, 246, 1871.

Shauwaunoes. -- Brainerd (1746) in Day, Penn., 526, 1843.

Shavanos. -- Post (1758) in Proud, Pa. II, app., 129, 1798. Shaw. -- Vater, Mith., pt. 3, sec.3, 247, 1816 (mistake?). Shawahahs. -- Livingston (1717) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist.,V, 486,1855 (the Shawnees seem to be designated).

Shawana. -- Lewney (ca. 1760) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th s., V, 437, 1861.

Shawanahaac. -- Doc. of 1788 quoted by Mayer, Logan and Cresap, 67, 1867.

Shawanahs. -- Lindesay (1751) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., VI, 706, 1855.

Shawanapi. -- Squier in Beach, Ind. Miscel., 29, 1877. Shawanaws. -- Dalton (1783) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 1st s., X, 123,1809. Shawane. -- Croghan (1754) in Rupp, West. Pa., app., 51, 1846 ("Lower Shawanetown").

Shawanees. -- Records (1731) in Day, Penn., 525, 1843.

Shawaneise. -- Johnson (1757) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., VII, 279, 1856.

Shawanese. -- Penn. Records (1701) in Day, Penn., 390, 1843.

Shawanesse. -- Proud, Pa., II, 296, 1798. Shawaneu. -- Gallatin in Drake, Tecumseh, 9, 1852.

Shawanies. -- Campbell (1761) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th s., IX, 423, 1871.

Shawanna. -- Penn's Treaty (1701) in Proud, Pa., I, 428, 1797.

Shawannohs. -- Quoted by Brinton, from Smith's Fontaneda, in Hist. Mag., 1st s., X, 1, 1866.

Shawannos. -- Vater, Mith., pt. 3, sec. 3, 245, 1816.

Sháwano-Algonkins, -- Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., €I, 143, 1884.

Shawanoes. -- Doc. of 1692 in Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 180-181, 1872.

Shawanoeese. -- Brown,West.Gaz, 289, 1817.

Shawnee. -- Ibid., 326.

Shawànoh. -- Adair, Am. Inds., 155, 1775.

Shawanois. -- Penn. Records (1707) in Day, Penn., 391, 1843.

Shawanons. -- De Smet, Letters, 38, 1843.

Sháwanos. -- Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., I, 143, 1884 (applied to the settlement among the Creeks).

Shawano's. -- Ft Johnson Conf. (1756) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., VII, 214, 1856.

Shawanose. -- Loskiel, Hist. Miss. Unit. Breth., pt. 1, 2, 1794.

Shawanous. -- McKenney and Hall. Ind. Tribes, III, 79, 1854.

Shawanowi. -- Walam Olum (1833) in Brinton, Lenape Leg., 204, 1885.

Shawans. -- Schuyler (ca. 1693) in Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 180-181, 1872.

Shawenoes. -- A1bany Conf. (1737) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., VI, 107, 1855.

Shawnees. -- Stuart (1775) in Gibbes, Doc. Hist. Am. Rev., I, 160, 1855.

Shawneese. -- Campbell (1761) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th S., IX, 424, 1871.

Shawnese. -- Croghan (1750) in Rupp, West, Pa., app., 28, 1846.

Shawnesse. -- Croghan (1765) in Monthly Am. Jour. Geog., 257, 1831.

Shawneys. -- Cowley (1775) in Archives of Md., Journal of the Md. Convention, 94, 1892.

Shawno. -- Mandrillon, Spectateur Américain, map, 1785. Shawnoah. -- Morse, N.Am., map, 1798.

Shawnoes. -- Esnauts and Rapilly map, 1777.

Shawonese. -- Thomas (1745) in Rupp, West. Pa., app., 24, 1846.

Shawoniki. -- Rafinesque, Am. Nations, I, 139, 1836 (Delaware name).

Shawonoes. -- Pike, Trav., 102, 1811.

Shaw-un-oag. -- Warren (1852) in Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll., V, 32, 1885.

Showammers. -- New York Conf. (1753) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., VI, 782, 1855.

Showanhoes. -- Livingston (1711), ibid., V, 272, 1855.

Showannees. -- Clarkson (1694), ibid. IV, 90, 1854.

Showannoes. -- Clarkson (1693), ibid., 43.

Showanoes. -- Schuyler (1694). ibid., 96.

Showonese. -- Weiser (1748) in Rupp, West. Pa., app., 14, 1846.

Showonoes. -- Livingston (1700) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., IV, 651,1854.

Shwanoes. -- Castor Hill Treaty (1832) in U. S. Ind. Treaties, 377, 1873.

Sirinueses. -- Barcia, Ensayo, 313, 1723 (probably identical).

Sowanakas. -- Woodward, Remin., 94, 1859.

Sowanokas. -- Ibid., 25.

Sowanokees. -- Ibid., 29.

Sow-on-no. -- Whipple, Pac. R. R. Rep., III, pt. 3, 61, 1856 (pl. Sowon-o-ki). Suwanoes. -- De Laet (1633) in Vater, Mith., pt. 3, sec. 3, 349, 1816 (used here as a collective name for the tribes southward from Manhattan id.).

Toagenha. -- For forms of this name as applied to the Shawnee, see Ontwaganha.